The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is reconsidering how it regulates decentralized finance (DeFi) and blockchain technology. Recent signals from SEC officials point toward updates that may encourage innovation, while clarifying the boundaries of regulated activity.

Statements from the SEC, led by Chair Paul S. Atkins, highlight plans to review certain restrictions, address self-custody, and offer targeted relief for select blockchain projects.

As DeFi reshapes digital asset markets and policy debates, SEC leaders are assessing how much flexibility to provide. Their goal is to safeguard investors without undermining advances in fast-moving technology.

SEC Chair Paul S. Atkins has emphasized the agency’s intent to adapt. During the Crypto Task Force Roundtable on Decentralized Finance, Atkins underscored how DeFi aligns with American values like innovation and economic empowerment.

He acknowledged that some previous regulations may have limited growth.

“The prior U.S. government administration discouraged Americans from participating in these market-based systems by asserting through lawsuits, speeches, regulation, and threatened regulatory action that participants and staking-as-a-service providers may be engaged in securities transactions,” Paul Atkins said.

Currently, the SEC is weighing conditional exemptive relief, which could allow qualifying blockchain startups to operate without immediate regulatory intervention. As staff review amendments on self-custody and exemptions for specific DeFi activities, this approach marks a shift toward open dialogue and careful regulatory changes.

The SEC has also clarified where proof-of-work mining and protocol staking fit under securities law. The Division of Corporation Finance explained that not every mining or staking activity triggers SEC oversight. This distinction is critical for DeFi projects built on community consensus models.

For greater clarity, the SEC published guidance: Statement on Certain Proof-of-Work Mining Activities and Statement on Certain Protocol Staking Activities. These statements outline which activities may fall outside existing securities law. Thanks to these explanations, both developers and users can pursue blockchain innovation with more confidence and less uncertainty.

That said, the SEC remains committed to protecting markets. By defining what activities are regulated, the agency maintains transparency while ensuring investor security and market integrity.

Courts are also shaping DeFi’s regulatory direction. The SEC cited the ongoing case of Risley v. Universal Navigation Inc. to help determine liability for code creators and participants in DeFi protocols.

As one court put it, it would be irrational to hold the developer of a self-driving car liable – here, quoting from the court’s decision – “for a third-party’s use of the car to commit a traffic violation or to rob a bank. In those circumstances, one would not sue the car company for facilitating the wrongdoing; they would sue the individual who committed the wrong.” Atkins stated.

Legal experts say this precedent will be important when evaluating how decentralized systems and smart contracts are regulated. Through transparent judicial references, the SEC is building a roadmap for reasonable, predictable oversight that enables legitimate growth in DeFi.

DeFi’s rising influence is prompting U.S. policymakers to push for more clarity. As this sector develops, the SEC’s focus on adaptation and ongoing discussion could shape the country’s digital asset landscape for years to come.

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